Mining

Ethiopia’s mining sector includes traditional mineral extraction like gold, salt, and limestone, alongside emerging industries like digital/Bitcoin mining that leverage the country’s abundant and inexpensive hydroelectric power. The government is actively promoting both traditional and digital mining through reforms, investment incentives, and a focus on economic growth. Other potential mineral resources include gemstones, platinum, iron ore, and various industrial minerals, though these are currently less exploited. 

Ethiopia’s mining industry is characterized by its large untapped mineral potential, particularly for gold, but currently contributes less than 1% to GDP. Key minerals include gold, which is the main mineral export, alongside significant reserves of tantalum, potash, and gemstones like opals, sapphires, and emeralds. The sector faces challenges like limited access to finance, inconsistent regulations, and environmental concerns, particularly in the large artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector which employs over 1.2 million people.